Balance

We use 3 main systems to balance: Our eyes, inner ears (Vestibular System), and joint
sense of position (called proprioception). We can still function if some of them are not
working at 100%; however, the more problems with each system we have, more the
difficult it will become to balance.

Some patients lose balance due to muscle weakness. This is more common in the elderly.
As a person begins to move less and less, the muscles begin to get smaller in size and
length. This usually contributes to a flexed (bent over) posture, which further puts the
person at risk for falling.

So, our muscles are important to keep us upright, but also to prevent a fall. For example,
if we stumble or get bumped, we have to take a quick step to stop ourselves from
falling. If the muscles are 'de-conditioned' (not in shape), we may not be able to step
quickly enough to stop a fall.

Physical Therapy may be the answer to prevent falls! The patient is evaluated for
strength and range of motion of the muscles, and given a specific exercise plan to
stretch the tight muscles, and strengthen the weak muscles. Once the muscles are on
their way to improving, we begin to teach the body how to use them again for balance
(balance training).

Balance Training

Every object has a 'Center of Gravity'. This is the are where most of the weight

of the object

is located. When we balance, we have to keep our Center of

Gravity supported. The area

of support is called the 'Base of Support'. So, to

stay balanced, we keep our 'Center of

Gravity' over and within our 'Base of

Support'.

To give an example: If you stand with your feet together, your center of

gravity is usually

located just below your belly button. Without moving your

feet, if you move your body (sway)

in a circle, the area in which you can move

without having to take a step is your 'Base of

support'. The invisible line that

marks the place you need to step if crossed is called your

'Limit of Stability'.

When we balance train patients at Posture & Balance Concepts, First we train the
patient to recognize and control their Center of Gravity. We then teach them how to
safely move within their 'Base of Support', and how to safely move outside the 'Limits of
Stability' when they have to walk, or step up or over an object in their path.

Posture is important for balance, so the patient who is bent over will learn to stand as
straight as possible (within their means) to keep as much of their Center of Gravity over
their Base of Support.

Some patients need assistive devices such walkers or canes. We will train them how to
properly and safely use these devices, if needed.